Regenerative dentistry has rapidly progressed since the advancement of stem cell biology and material science. However, more emphasis has been placed on the success of tissue formation than on how well the newly generated tissue retains the original structure

The long-term use of calcium hydroxide and the recent increase in the use of hydraulic calcium-silicate cements as direct pulp-capping materials provide important clues in terms of how reparative dentin may be induced to form a “biological seal” to

The dentin and pulp are embryologically, histologically, and functionally similar tissues, and are considered together as a complex. The vitality of the dentin-pulp complex is essential to maintaining a functional viable tooth in the occlusion. The

The dental pulp is a soft connective tissue of ectomesenchymal origin that harbors distinct cell populations, capable of interacting with each other to maintain the vitality of the tooth. After tooth injuries, a sequence of complex biological events