But within this vast ocean of data lies a treasure trove of insights that can transform industries, revolutionize business strategies, and even improve our daily lives. Characteristics of Big Data (The 4 Vs) ... data mining, data warehousing, and ETL (Extract, Transform, Load). Statistical analysis, machine learning, predictive modeling, data visualization, and hypothesis testing. Tools and Technologies: Hadoop, Spark, NoSQL databases (MongoDB, Cassandra), and cloud platforms (AWS, Azure ...