This study aimed to assess the mechanical and biocompatibility properties of dental resin reinforced with different nanoparticle additives. Temporary crown specimens were 3D-printed and grouped based on nanoparticle type and amount, including zirconia

Biological evaluation of resin-based dental composites has traditionally been based on in vitro endpoint tests with different methods to determine loss of cell viability and cell morphology changes after exposure to the material or monomer constituents.

Objectives Although the introduction of self-adhesive composites in restorative dentistry is very promising, the innovation of new materials also presents challenges and unknowns. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity