Biological evaluation of resin-based dental composites has traditionally been based on in vitro endpoint tests with different methods to determine loss of cell viability and cell morphology changes after exposure to the material or monomer constituents.

This review article dives into the complex world of biocompatibility testing: chemical, mechanical, and biological characterization, including many elements of biocompatibility, such as definitions, descriptive examples, and the practical settings.

Nowadays, implants and prostheses are widely used to repair damaged tissues or to treat different diseases, but their use is associated with the risk of infection, inflammation and finally rejection. To address these issues, new antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory